Kaplan turbines with adjustable blade pitch are welladapted to wide ranges of flow or head conditions, since their peak efficiency can be achieved over a wide range of flow conditions. Lecture 33 turbine definition, types of turbines, comparison of gas turbine with reciprocating ic engine and steam turbine, classification of gas turbine 34 lecture34 thermodynamic cycle or brayton cycle, problem solving 35 lecture 35 regenerative gas turbine cycle, reheat gas turbine cycle, problem solving. Introduction to fluid machines lectures 49 to 53 3 4. The nature of path through the valves and fittings determines the amount of energy losses.
We are going to spend a handful of videos looking at diffe. Gear pumps are most commonly used for the hydraulic fluid power applications and are widely used in chemical installa tions to pump fluid with a cer tain viscosity. The power developed by a hydraulic cylinder for either the extension or retraction stroke, can be found out by velocity multiplied by force or from flow rate multiplied by operating pressure power kw vp m s f kn q m3 s p kpa figure 5. Specific energy curves of different discharges at a given channel section at a smaller depth, y1 q can be delivered only by a higher velocity and, a higher specific energy.
To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Schematic reading is one of the most important skills when working with complex hydraulic systems. The hydraulic pressure causes the hydraulic motor to turn which spins the generator. Types of hydraulic turbines fluid machinery mechanical. Elements for the control of energy and other control in fluid power system are generally called valves. Apr 17, 2017 in general, the kinetic energy of this super critical flow can be dissipated into two way. Lecture notes on fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines. Troubleshooting and preventive maintenance of hydraulic systems. A double acting cylinder is used to reciprocate the ram a pivot actuated d.
Nptel civil engineering water resources engineering design and construction of concrete gravity dams. The tanjung jabung gas power plant 3x10 mw is powered by three siemens sgt400 turbines 3 which each of them can operate up to mw 6, 7 each at peak load. Download pdf fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines by rk. Typical range of heads hydraulic wheel turbine archimedes screw turbine kaplan 2 hydraulic systems. Hydraulic turbines are used for meeting our day to day power demands.
At a larger depth the same discharge may be delivered through the. Consider the following statements pertaining to hydraulic turbines. Specifications model number designation model numbers 7 1020 16 2320. Lecture notes, suitability, runaway speed and draft tube. A hydraulic turbine rotates at n rpm operating under a net head h and having a. Introduction, selection of location of hydro power plant, elements of hydro power plant, low head power plants, classification of hydraulic turbines. Aug 25, 2016 turbines are machines which convert fluid energy to mechanical energy. Since the power supplied is hydraulic, and the probable loss is between the striking jet and vane it is rightly called hydraulic efficiency. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. The hydraulic power pack unit provides the energy required for the hydraulic system. Related content a discussion on turbine design for safe operation h brekkemajor historical developments in the design of water wheels and francis hydroturbines. Control components in hydraulic system one of the most important functions in any fluid power system is control. Demonstrate and understanding of advanced fluid mechanics principles.
When the fluid used is water, they are called hydraulic turbines. So the hydraulic energy of the water is mainly converted into kinetic energy. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes download pdf. Convert the residual kinetic energy into pressure energy. Gross head hg is the difference in elevation between the water levels of the forebay and the tailrace. Kaplan turbine used for low head, high discharge installations degree of reaction dr is the ratio of static pressure drop pressure energy converted in the rotor to the total pressure drop total hydraulic energy available in the turbine. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Hydrowater power plant definition of hydraulic turbines, overall efficiency, specific speed, classification of. Hydraulic turbines pelton wheel, francis turbine and kaplan turbine.
Hydraulic power units yae pack energy saving hydraulic power units and controllers k energy saving hydraulic units equipped with piston pump energy saving units equipped with the high efficiency, high performance ara series variable displacement piston pumps. The more circuitous is the path, the greater are the losses. The hydraulic losses through the turbine and draft tube are accounted for in the turbine efficiency. Which of the following hydraulic turbines are reaction turbine. Hydraulic structures for flow diversion and storage. Since a very high force is exerted on the vanes by the jet of water for a very small time duration, these turbines are known as impulse turbine. Troubleshooting and preventive maintenance of hydraulic. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf 1. This is a hydraulic turbine and the main uses of these turbines are in the hydropower plant to generate electricity. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Fluid power is the transmission of forces and motions using a con.
Gas, steam, and water turbines usually have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery hhm notes pdf sw. The turbines type indicates the manner in which the water causes the turbine runner to rotate. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. The hydraulic turbine is a mechanical device that converts. Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet. Courses principle of hydraulic machines and system design. Water stored in high level reservoirs like dams has. The shaft rotates because of the impact of the difference in velocity and pressure. Download hydraulic turbine seminar reports, abstract, pdf, ppt. Fluid statics, kinematics of fluid, conservation equations and analysis of finite control volume, equations of motion and mechanical energy, principles of physical similarity and dimensional analysis, flow of ideal fluids viscous incompressible flows, laminar boundary layers, turbulent flow, applications of viscous flows.
The rotor shaft of an electrical power generator, placed in a wind or water current whereby the kinetic energy causes the rotor shaft to rotate, turns a hydraulic pump generating a hydraulic pressure. It is largely used in dam and large power plants impulse turbines. The parts of the hydraulic power pack unit are shown in fig. Nov 05, 2010 hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. Extract energy from the fluid the fluid does work on them. Turbines consist of a row of blades that are fixed on a rotating shaft or a plate.
The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. This category of hydraulic turbines has the flow path of the. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and. Hydraulic turbines may be classified on the basis of four characteristics. Download pdf of nptel material offline reading, offline notes, free download in app, engineering class handwritten notes, exam notes, previous year questions, pdf free download the subject analysis and design of hydraulic structures having gbtu code no. Now the water releases in the form of jet from the nozzle and striked on the vanes for a small duration. Read online design hydraulic structures lecture notes design hydraulic structures. The state of rapid and shallow flow through a section is known as supercritical flow or rapid flow. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur.
The most important constitutive elements of reaction turbines are the following. Hydraulic and energy grade lines courses web pages. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft.
Hydraulic turbines an overview sciencedirect topics. Performance and safety of hydraulic turbines h brekke1. Credit for the invention of the steam turbine is given to british engineer sir charles parson, for inventing the. Govindaraju,tg sitharaman, applied elasticity for engineers, nptel. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water potential energy. Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are used in low turbine pressure drop occurs in both fixed and moving blades. On the basis of the type of energy at the turbine inlet impulse turbine total head o. The hydraulic pressure is directed to a hydraulic generator motor coupled to an electrical generator. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Performance and safety of hydraulic turbines to cite this article. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Mechanical efficiency this is the efficiency with which the diagram power is converted into shaft power. How to read hydraulic power unit schematics youtube.
A hydraulic turbine rotates at n rpm operating under a net head h and having a discharge q while developing an output power p. Crane girder design mar 01, 2018 crane girder design crane girder details proper detailing is the key to good fatigue performance the vast majority of crane girder performance issues occur at the crane girder to column connection. The shaft toque the torque that the shaft applies to the rotor and the rotation of the rotor are in the same direction, energy is transferred from the shaft to the rotor and from the rotor to the fluid. If control components are not properly selected, the entire system will fail to deliver the required output. Consider the following statements pertaining to the definition of fluid machines. A photo of hydraulic turbine propeller history early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels. Hydraulic efficiency this is the efficiency with which water power is converted into diagram power and is given by. In many fluid power applications, energy losses due to flow in valves and fittings exceed those due to flow in pipes. Hydraulic circuit for shaper mc fig shows the hydraulic circuit for operation of shaper. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. A hydraulic turbine is a prime mover which converts a substantial part of the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water to mechanical energy.
It consists of hydraulic power unit which delivers the oil at constant pressure. Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins. Fluid power is ideal for high speed, high force, high power applications. Fluid statics, fluid dynamics, basics of turbo machinery, hydraulic turbines and centrifugal pumps. Hydraulic turbines are the prime movers that convert the energy of the falling water into a rotational mechanical energy and consequently to an electric energy through the use of the generators that are connected to the turbines. A francis turbine running at 400 rpm develops 1 mw power. The overall pump efficiency is affected by the hydraulic losses in the pump, and in. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes. Nptel fluid mechanics and turbines ftik usm playground.
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